Abstract
There are a large number of lakes with beaded distribution in the semi-arid areas of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, and some of them have degraded or even disappeared during the past three decades. We studied the reasons of the disappearance of these lakes by determining the way of replenishment of these lakes and the impact of the natural-social environment of the basin, with the aim of saving these gradually disappearing lakes. Based on remote sensing image and hydrological analysis, this paper studied the recharge of Daihai Lake and Huangqihai Lake. The deep learning method was used to establish the time-series of lake evolution. The same method was combined with the innovative woodland and farmland extraction method to set up the time-series of ground classification composition in the basins. Using relevant survey data, combined with soil water infiltration test, water chemical, and isotopic signature analysis of various water bodies, we found that the Daihai Lake area is the largest in dry season and the smallest in rainy season and the other lake is not satisfied with this phenomenon. In addition, we calculated the specific recharge and consumption of the study basin. These experiments indicated that the exogenous groundwater is recharged directly through the faults at the bottom of Daihai Lake, while the exogenous groundwater is recharged in Huangqihai Lake through rivers indirectly. Large-scale exploitation of groundwater for agricultural irrigation and industrial production is the main cause of lake degradation. Reducing the extraction of groundwater for agricultural irrigation is an important measure to restore lake ecology.
Highlights
Lakes are generally facing rapid decline in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world [1,2,3,4].The Inner Mongolia Plateau is a semi-arid area with much more evaporation than precipitation [5], but there are hundreds of lakes with an area of more than 1 km2 distributed on the plateau [6], such as the Daihai Lake, Huangqihai Lake, Dali Lake, and Wuliangsuhai Lake
The local precipitation assimilates into the groundwater by soil infiltration
It comes from shows that the water supply of the Huangqihai Lake mainly comes from the precipitation and runoff in local precipitation
Summary
The Inner Mongolia Plateau is a semi-arid area with much more evaporation than precipitation [5], but there are hundreds of lakes with an area of more than 1 km distributed on the plateau [6], such as the Daihai Lake, Huangqihai Lake, Dali Lake, and Wuliangsuhai Lake. These lakes are mainly distributed in a bead chain shape in the Altun boreal margin of Yinshan mountain fracture, which is one of the two giant faults in the China zone [7,8]. Local precipitation is the only source of recharge for these lakes
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