Abstract
Ebinur Lake Watershed, with its oases and deserts, is a typically arid and mountainous region on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. Along with ever increasing human activities, agricultural and domestic wastes have been directly discharged into river systems around the Watershed, which consequently poses a grave threat to the sustainable development of Xinjiang. Through statistical and spatial analysis, we have determined the relationships between land use/cover (LULC) and hydro-chemical characteristics during rainy and dry seasons in 2014. Spatial patterns of hydro-chemical characteristics as demonstrated by mineralization, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ and K+ concentrations were examined in 113 sites. Since hydro-chemical characteristics were affected by LULC patterns, this study delineated six zones to analyze the distribution characteristics of hydro-chemical parameters and its relationship with LULC patterns. The results showed that, except for the pH, all variables demonstrated significant spatial differences during dry and rainy seasons. In addition, the relationships between water quality and LULC patterns indicated that the farmland, forest–grassland, water body and salinized land all affected hydro-chemical characteristics during both rainy and dry seasons. Especially, decreased rainfall, irrigation, surface runoff, the area of lake, etc. largely led to the increase in ion content, which had great influence on hydro-chemical characteristics parameters in dry season. Furthermore, we established several stepwise linear multiple regressions models. The results showed that pH, mineralization and Ca2+ were defined by forest-grassland, while the Cl− and Mg2+ were defined by salinized land during the rainy season. The pH and Na+ were estimated based on farmland, whereas Cl− and Ca2+ were estimated based on forest-grassland during the dry season. In conclusion, this research on the relationships between the spatial distribution of hydro-chemical characteristics in Ebinur Lake Watershed and LULC patterns will be significant for the sustainable management of the arid regions in northwest China.
Highlights
Water quality is of great importance to the study of water resources in arid regions.Hydro-chemical characteristics may help understand the environmental and geological conditions, i.e., the controlling factors in which waters are formed [1]
This research on the relationships between the spatial distribution of hydro-chemical characteristics in Ebinur Lake Watershed and LULC patterns will be significant for the sustainable management of the arid regions in northwest China
Through the factor analysis (FA), we have identified the changes of hydro-chemical characteristic factors that affect hydro-chemical characteristics during dry and rainy seasons
Summary
Water quality is of great importance to the study of water resources in arid regions. Hydro-chemical characteristics may help understand the environmental and geological conditions, i.e., the controlling factors in which waters are formed [1]. Accurate information on the spatial distribution of surface water characteristics is imperative for assessment of environmental monitoring, Water 2017, 9, 888; doi:10.3390/w9110888 www.mdpi.com/journal/water. Water 2017, 9, 888 land surface water management as well as watershed changes [2,3]. There is little or no information on river hydro-chemical characteristics in arid zones in China. Formal references on its hydro-chemical characteristics are scarce in China [4,5]. Stream water chemistry is controlled by numerous natural, e.g., weathering, precipitation inputs, and anthropogenic factors
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
