Exterior decoration of buildings during reconstruction and restoration residential areas of Ukrainian cities

Abstract

The modern experience of external equipment of residential and public buildings isconsidered and analyzed. It was determined that during the reconstruction and restoration of the housing stock, a significant percentage of which consist of large-panel houses that belong to the outdated housing stock, modern types of external equipment will be usedcomprehensively for entire blocks and neighborhoods.
 This determines the use of a wide palette of facing materials, diverse in color and texture, which will help, along with other means, to avoid monotony, grayness and monotony of the building, which is subject to reconstruction and restoration.
 The conditionally divided into two main groups: plaster facades and attachments. The plaster facades still have the conditional name "wet facades" as in the processes used in the production of facade work, water is present. At the same time, the hinged systems were called "dry facades" The equipment of plaster solutions is used on the outer surfaces of walls of prefabricated or monolithic concrete of different species, as well as from natural or artificial stone (bricks, stone blocks, etc.). Like any technology or design, the plaster type facade insulation system has its restrictions: seasonality of execution, due to the fact that this technology involves wet processes that can be performed only in warm weather (up to +5 ° C); It is possible to perform part of the work (gluing of the insulation, reinforcement) in the winter with the use of thermal curtains, but the ocular treatment, in all cases, should be carried out in the warm season. The facades of buildings and structures, which are finished with modern materials, are conditionally divided into two main groups: plaster facades and attachments. The plaster facades still have the conditional name "wet facades" as in the processes used in the production of facade work, water is present. At the same time, the hinged systems were called "dry facades" [2]. The equipment of plaster solutions is used on the outer surfaces of walls of prefabricated or monolithic concrete of different species, as well as from natural or artificial stone (bricks, stone blocks, etc.). Like any technology or design, the plaster type facade insulation system has its restrictions: seasonality of execution, due to the fact that this technology involves wet processes that can be performed only in warm weather (up to +5 ° C); It is possible to perform part of the work (gluing of the insulation, reinforcement) in the winter with the use of thermal curtains, but the ocular treatment, in all cases, should be carried out in the warm season. As a result of the analysis of modern types of outdoor equipment the most effective materials have been determined, which have been tested by practice in various operating conditions and are recommended for solving future tasks. In the course of the research, it was determined that the most effective type of external equipment of buildings are hinged facade systems, which were called "dry facades".