Extent and location of bone loss at dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis

Abstract

Peri-implantitis is an infectious disease, which leads to loss of supporting bone around dental implants. To evaluate the extent and location of bone loss, 43 patients with peri-implantitis were examined. The bone loss was clinically measured at the time of dental surgery. Data revealed that 25% of subjects had bone loss associated with all their implants although the majority of the subjects had fewer than 50% of their implants affected by bone loss. A total number of 264 implants were examined and 131 of those had peri-implantitis associated bone loss. The pattern of bone loss at implants varied between and within subjects and location in the jaws. The highest proportion of implants with peri-implantitis was found in the upper jaw and within this group, at implants located in the incisor area of the upper jaw; the lowest was the canine area of the lower jaw. The highest proportion of implants that lost ≥2/3 of their bone support was found in the incisor area of the maxilla. We concluded that in the presence of peri-implant inflammation, bone quantity and characteristics may influence the progression of peri-implantitis bone loss at dental implants. We hypothesize that the ability of the bone to withstand occlusal forces will be altered as consequence of the loss of bone at the neck of the implants. To achieve an understanding of the local degradation of bone due to peri-implantitis, we need to analyze the microstructure of the bone as well the cellular biology of the peri-implant inflammation.