Extensive arterial aneurysm developing after surgical closure of long-standing post-traumatic popliteal arteriovenous fistula

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Long-standing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) can lead after closure to late arterial aneurysm formation. We report the case of an extensive iliofemoral aneurysm extending from the aorta to a left venous above-knee to below-knee popliteal bypass occurring 14 years after closure of a post-traumatic popliteal AVF. While the arterial axis, which was not dilated at closure, became aneurysmal, it is remarkable that the vein bypass performed at the same time was not altered. The pathophysiologic mechanism of such a complication could be morphologic modification of the arterial wall while the AVF is open and hemodynamic change after its closure.