Abstract
AbstractThis article would like to show the importance of anticipation for making decisions and organizational transformations. A useful tool for computing anticipatory systems is given by differential difference equations with retardation and anticipation. This paper shows the effect of retardation and anticipation on the evolution of simple growth equations. As a practical example, the Kaldor-Kalecki model of business cycle is studied in view of showing its anticipatory capabilities. Initially, this model was created to include anticipated decisions of investments. Indeed there is a time shift between a decision of investment and the actual installation of investment equipment. The Kalecki ‘distribution’ cycle related dynamics and income distribution in perhaps the first mathematically sophisticated treatment of cyclical phenomena in economics. His instrumental relationship was to posit a time lag between the investment decision and installation of investment goods.
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