Extension of Lorentz reciprocity and Poynting theorems for spatially dispersive media with quadrupolar responses

Abstract

We provide a self-consistent extension of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem and the Poynting theorem for media possessing electric and magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar responses related to electric and magnetic fields and field gradients thus corresponding to weak spatial dispersion. Using these two theorems, we respectively deduce the conditions of reciprocity and gainlessness and losslessness that apply to the various tensors mediating the interactions of these multipole moments and the associated fields and field gradients. We expect that these conditions will play an essential role in developing advanced metamaterial modeling techniques that include quadrupolar and spatially dispersive responses.