Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of normal cervical squamous epithelium advancing to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and eventually to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are largely unknown. This study explored abnormal expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in cervical cancer and its correlation with the expression of E-cadherin and human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6. YY1, E-cadherin and HPV16 E6 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry in 90 cervical tissue specimens collected from 30 patients with hysteromyoma, 15 patients with CIN I, 15 patients with CIN II-III, and 30 patients with CSCC. The H-score method was employed to measure the expression of YY1, E-cadherin and HPV16 E6. Increased expression of YY1 and HPV16 E6, and the decreased expression levels of E-cadherin were strongly associated with malignant transformation of the cervical epithelium and the histological progression of CSCC. The expression of YY1 in cervical tissues was inversely correlated with E-cadherin expression, and positively correlated with HPV16 E6 expression. Expression of YY1 in CSCC tissues was not significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, but was significantly correlated with an advanced clinical stage of CSCC. These results suggest that up-regulation of YY1 is closely associated with the progression of CSCC, and YY1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer by modulating the expression of E-cadherin and HPV16 E6.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women, of which the most frequent pathological type is cervical squamous cell squamous carcinoma (CSCC)
The negative control images with corresponding isotypes (YY1, E-cadherin and HPV16 E6) were shown in S1 Fig. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expression was detected in all tissues examined, and the expression of YY1 was mainly located in the nucleus (Fig 1A)
For HPV16 E6 expression, the expression of HPV16 E6 was mainly found in the cytosol (Fig 1C), and the HPV16 E6 expression was detected in 81.1% (73/90) of all tissues examined, 66.67% (20/30) in the normal tissue group, 83.33% (25/30) in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group, and 93.33% (28/30) in the CSCC group
Summary
Cervical cancer is a common malignancy in women, of which the most frequent pathological type is cervical squamous cell squamous carcinoma (CSCC). Current research suggests that cervical cancer pathogenesis is associated with the persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) [1, 2]. The pathogenesis of cervical cancer is a complex process, which involves multiple genes and gene-factors, high-risk persistent HPV infection is not the only factor in cervical cancer progression and pathogenesis. YY1 and cervical cancer and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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