Abstract
ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the expression and significance of γδ T cells and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood on patients with multiple myeloma (MM). MethodsFifty-five patients with multiple myeloma admitted to Yangpu Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as the disease group, and were categorized into stage I group, stage II group and stage III group according to the International Staging System (ISS) of multiple myeloma. All included patients were consecutive visits. Another 30 cases of healthy people with physical examination were selected as the control group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the γδ T cells and lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of the subjects. After clinical indicators of patients and healthy controls were collected, the statistical analysis was conducted. ResultsCompared with the control group, the percentage of γδ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the disease group were higher, while, the absolute numbers of total peripheral blood lymphocytes (LYMT) and CD19+ B cells, percentage of CD19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells were lower (P<0.05). The percentage of γδ T cells (P<0.001), the percentage of CD19+ B cells (P=0.003), the absolute number of CD3+ T cells (P=0.010), the absolute number of CD8+ T cells (P=0.002) were the significant influential factors of MM. γδ T cells (P=0.004), neutrophils (P<0.001), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (P=0.003), and white blood cell count (P<0.001) were statistically different in different stages. ROC curve suggested that the area under the curve of the percentage of γδ T cells in predicting the MM were 0.973 (P<0.001) which had certain diagnostic value. Conclusionsγδ T cells and lymphocyte subsets (CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD3+ T cells, etc.) in patients with newly diagnosis of MM can reflect the immune function of the patient’s organism, which is a key factor of MM. γδ T cells influence the staging of MM patients, and also have certain diagnostic value.
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