Abstract
BackgroundSebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a malignant tumor. However, the pathoetiology of sebaceous cell carcinoma is not clear. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for skin epidermal differentiation including the eyelids. In this study, we investigate the expression of β-catenin, RA-binding proteins and RA receptors in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and try to estimate their influence on its pathoetiology.MethodsRetrospective, noncomparative, consecutive interventional case series. Sixteen cases of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma who received tumor excision at our hospital between 2001 and 2011 were included. Immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin, cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP1), cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2), fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), retinoic acid receptors (RAR-α, −β, −γ), and retinoid X receptors (RXR-α, −β, −γ) was performed on tissue samples obtained from tumor excision.ResultsOf the 16 sebaceous cell carcinoma cases reviewed, six were male and 10 female. The mean follow-up period was 6.7 ± 3.66 years (range, 0.3–13 years). Of these 16 cases, the expression of β-catenin was significantly increased in sebaceous cell carcinoma cases. CRABP1 was similarly expressed in the sebaceous cell carcinoma and control groups. CRABP2 and FABP5 were expressed in hair follicles of lid skin in both groups, whereas the CRABP2 and FABP5 were aberrantly expressed in the tumor cells of the sebaceous glands. Notably, the expression of retinoic acid receptor (RAR-β) and retinoid X receptors (RXR-β, −γ) was significantly upregulated in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelids.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that retinoic acid signaling is related to the pathogenesis of sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelids.
Highlights
Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a malignant tumor
Previous experiments indicate that cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) are abundantly expressed in the differentiating cells of sebaceous glands, interfollicular epidermis, and hair follicles [11]
No lymph node metastasis was detected in our Sebaceous cell carcinoma (SeCC) patient group at the time of diagnosis, and subsequent lymph node metastasis was found in five cases; distant metastasis was found in three patients during the follow-up period
Summary
Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a malignant tumor. We investigate the expression of β-catenin, RA-binding proteins and RA receptors in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and try to estimate their influence on its pathoetiology. Two classes of nuclear retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs) have been reported, and each has three main subtypes, −α, −β, and -γ. They play a pivotal role as ligand-dependent transcription factors. That are Vitamin A derivatives, as ligands for binding to these nuclear receptor transcription factors (RARs and RXRs), are strongly associated with the development of skin cancer and its subsequent prognosis
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