Expression of p63 Protein to Differentiate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Carcinoma of Prostate in Pakistani Population

Abstract

AbstractBackground: Prostate cancer is the world’s foremost and second cause of cancer associated death typically in males after lung cancer. Histopathological diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma can be challenging. The expression of p63 can be used in diagnosis and differentiation of benign pro-static hyperplasia from carcinoma of prostate.Materials and Methods: We studied sixty prostatic biopsies obtained by TURP and radical prostatectomy. For each case, clinical data was collected. The tissue sections were then diagnosed on basis of routine hematoxylin and eosin. Then immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed on routinely processed, forma-lin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. We also analyzed P63 expression in regions of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Moreover, detailed examination of tissue sections was observed with light microscopy.Results: Mean age of patients with adenocarcinoma was 70 ± 12 years however mean age in prostate hyperplasia cases was 66 ± 8 years. With the use of Receiver Operative Characteristic Curve (ROC), the optimal cut point found of PSA was 30.0ng/ml. The results showed that prostate specific antigen (PSA) at this cutoff had a sensitivity of 71.4%, with specificity of 74.4% and accuracy of 73.3%. So PSA could not be considered reliable independently for the diagnosis of carcinoma of prostate. Benign cases in the present study were exclusively positive for immunohistoche-mical expression of p63 while all the cases of prostatic carcinomas expressed negative pattern of staining.Conclusion: Immunostaining with p63 is useful to differentiate benign prostatic hyperplasia from pro-static carcinoma, so it may be used as valuable tool in the diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.