Abstract
Due to scarcity of bacilli, an accurate diagnosis of osteoarticular tuberculosis is always being a challenge. Though conventional methods lack sensitivity and are time consuming, molecular diagnostic modalities are very effective for early diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Timely diagnosis even in latent period will improve the efficacy of the treatment of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Under some stress conditions like hypoxia, nitric oxide stress, long term viability of M. tuberculosis is favoured by alpha crystallin protein (acr), which is a dominant protein of latent phase. In this article we focuses on protein that shows significant expression in the latent phase of M. tuberculosis. It may be further used as a prognostic biomarker for differentiating latent and active tuberculosis.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a scourge of mankind since earliest times
The disease is divided into two categories – Pulmonary TB (PTB) i.e. infection affects the lungs and Extra pulmonary (EPTB) form of tuberculosis (TB) affects the organ outside the lungs parenchyma(eg-pleura, lymph nodes, abdomen, genitourinary tract, skin, joints and bones, or meninges)
The 16-kDa alpha-crystallin homologue of M. tuberculosis is the dominant protein produced by stationary phase cultures in vitro, it is unnoticeable in exponentially growing cultures [17]
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a scourge of mankind since earliest times. Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease and the morbidity associated with this condition has major health implications. The infection is insidious, it takes several months and sometimes years from the appearance of first symptom to the diagnosis [7,1113] It is differentially diagnosed with other skeleton infections mainly because of its paucibacillary nature and less disease related symptoms. The dosR gene responses to hypoxic and nitric oxide stresses are associates with M. tuberculosis dormancy [15] and others have demonstrated that acr protein expression was strongly upregulated in M. tuberculosis on entry into and remains at a high level during latent phase. This indicates that acris implicated in M. tuberculosis persistence or latent phase [16,17]. The function of alpha crystallin protein is highlighted and suggesting it as a diagnostic marker for the latent infection of M. tuberculosis in osteoarticular tuberculosis
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