Expression of adiponectin and il-6 by local fat depots of the heart: relationship with the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Previous studies have identified a number of pro-inflammatory and other markers potentially associated with atherogenesis, which are also expressed and produced by adipose tissue. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, in the development of which both unmodifiable factors (gender, age) and modifiable factors (smoking, dyslipidemia) contribute, and further study of the pathogenetic relationships of adipocytokines and CVD risk factors is necessary. Purpose To evaluate the features of the expression of adiponectin and IL-6 in the epicardial (EAT), perivascular (PVAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its relationship with the main risk factors for CVD. Materials and methods The study included 84 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who were planning coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). During the operation, adipose tissue (AT) biopsy samples were obtained. The expression of adiponectin and IL-6 genes was evaluated by the method of quantitative polymerase reaction in real time (PCR) depending on the presence or absence of CVD risk factors. Results It was found that adipocytes of EAT are characterized by the lowest expression of the adiponectin gene against the background of the maximum - IL-6. In men, the adiponectin mRNA level in EAT and PVAT is reduced (2.5 and 2.8 times). The expression of IL-6 in male patients is higher in SAT (3 times) and lower in PVAT than in women. The presence of dyslipidemia is associated with a decrease in the expression of both adiponectin in EAT and PVAT (2.7 and 3.6 times), and IL-6 in PVAT (2.3 times). People with arterial hypertension (AH) have lower levels of adiponectin in EAT and PVAT (2 and 1.8 times) with high levels of IL-6 in SAT and EAT (8 and 10.4 times). With an increase in the experience of hypertension for more than 20 years, adiponectin expression decreases in all types of AT with an increase in IL-6 in PVAT (2 times) and a decrease in SAT. Smoking is associated with increased adiponectin mRNA levels. Patients 51–59 years old are characterized by high expression of IL-6 in EAT and PVAT in comparison with parameters of other age groups. Conclusions The revealed decrease in the expression of adiponectin in EAT against the background of an increase in pro-inflammatory IL-6 can enhance atherogenesis, and in combination with risk factors such as male sex, the presence of dyslipidemia and hypertension contribute to the progression of coronary artery disease. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Russian Scientific Foundation no. 17-75-20026