Expression and effect of MiRNA-196a in periodontitis and gingivitis

Abstract

Objective To explore and analyze the expression and effect of MiRNA-196a in periodontitis and gingivitis. Methods 45 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis treated at our department from August, 2016 to August, 2018 were selected as clinical research objects, and were divided into a gingivitis group and a periodontitis group. The periodontitis group were divided into three groups (15 cases for each group) according to the severity of periodontitis: mild periodontitis, moderate periodontitis, and severe periodontitis. Forty healthy volunteers who came to the hospital for physical examination in the same period were selected as a control group. The gingival sulcus was extracted from all the research objects to detect the miR-196a expression, and their plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and other clinical indicators were detected. The correlation of miR-196a expression with PLI, GI and PD, AL, etc. in all the groups were analyzed. Results The expression level of miR-196a in gingival sulcus was significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the gingivitis group and the healthy control group [(3.22±0.67), (1.45±0.53), and (0.67±0.21); P<0.05], and was significantly higher in the severe periodontitis group than in the moderate periodontitis group and the mild periodontitis group [(4.35±0.68), (3.41±0.74), and (2.34±0.58); P<0.05]. The PLI, GI, PD, and AL were significantly higher in the periodontitis group and the gingivitis group than in the healthy control group (all P<0.05), and were (3.73±0.72), (3.55±0.74), (6.32±0.72) mm, and (5.21±0.57) mm in the in the severe periodontitis group, which were higher than those in the moderate periodontitis group and the mild periodontitis group (all P<0.05). The content of mir-196a in gingival sulcus fluid of patients with gingivitis or periodontitis significantly and positively correlated with PLI, GI, PD, AL, and other clinical indicators (P<0.05). Conclusions mir-196a is highly expressed in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. The degree of periodontitis increases with mir-196a expression, suggesting that the expression level of mir-196a in gingival crevicular fluid can be used as an effective evaluation indicator for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis. Key words: MiRNA; MiR-196a; Periodontitis; Gingivitis