Abstract
miR profile could be associated to CV risk, and also to prognosis/outcome in response to therapeutic approach. We aimed to evaluate if anti-hypertensive drugs enalapril, losartan or olmesartan have effects on monocyte miR profile in essential hypertensives without target organ involvement. For this purpose, 82 hypertensives and 49 controls were included; we evaluated SBP/DBP, lipid profile, glucose, CRP, fibrinogen, arterial stiffness indices (PWV; AIx), and cIMT at baseline (T0) and after 24 weeks of treatment (T1). Subjects with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL, TG ≥ 200 mg/dL, BMI ≥ 30, and other additional CV risk factors were excluded. Patients who were prescribed to receive once-a-day enalapril 20 mg, losartan 100 mg or olmesartan 20 mg were eligible for the study. At T1, we found a significant improvement of SBP (−18.5%), DBP (−18%), HDL-C and LDL-C (+3% and −5.42%), glucose (−2.15%), BMI (−3.23%), fibrinogen (−11%), CRP (−17.5%,), AIx (−49.1%) PWV (−32.2%), and monocyte miR expression (miR-221: −28.4%; miR-222: −36%; miR-145: +41.7%) with respect to baseline. miR profile was compared to control subjects at baseline and at T1. We found some little difference in the behaviour of the three treatments on some variables: olmesartan was the most effective in reducing fibrinogen, DBP, CRP, and AIx (−13.1%, −19.3%, −21.4%, and −56.8%, respectively). Enalapril was the drug more significantly increasing the expression of miR-145. In conclusion, enalapril, losartan and olmesartan are effective in improving mechanical and humoral factors associated to AS and atherogenesis. These drugs appear to be able to modify miRs 221/222 and miR-145 expression in drug-naïve hypertensives, making it closer to that of control subjects; additionally, this provides a good blood pressure compensation, contributing to slow the progression of vascular damage.
Highlights
Introduction conditions of the Creative CommonsA growing number of studies suggest the importance of non-coding genome in the modulation of a number of biological processes, including regulation of gene expression and epigenetic modification, and in the development of different diseases
The study population consisted of 82 hypertensive subjects, selected as shown in Figure 1; Table 1 summarizes the baseline characteristics of the study population
systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values were higher in hypertensive subjects, as were fibrinogen and High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP)
Summary
A growing number of studies suggest the importance of non-coding genome in the modulation of a number of biological processes, including regulation of gene expression and epigenetic modification, and in the development of different diseases. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 860 genome accounts for about 98.5% of the entire gene pool; it is widely transcribed in regulator non-coding RNA (ncRNA) [1,2]. The widely studied microRNAs (miRs) act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by degrading mRNA or inhibiting messenger. Due to their function, miRs are implicated in a plethora of biological processes including cell development and proliferation, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, and vascular homeostasis [3,4]. The latest news has been provided in very high-risk diabetic people, involving miR-33 in the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulable state of coronary thrombi in hyperglycemic STEMI patients [12], and suggesting miR-24 expression to be associated to MACE during a 2-year follow-up in prediabetic patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis [13]
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