Abstract
Acidic conditions of the oral cavity, including soft drinks and cariogenic bacteria, represent a damage for restorative biomimetic composite materials. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of two different acidic challenges on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of five composites: x-tra fil (Group 1, XTF), GrandioSO x-tra (Group 2, GXT), Admira Fusion x-tra (Group 3, AFX), VisCalor bulk (Group 4, VCB), and Enamel Plus HRi (Group 5, EPH). Thirty samples for each group were randomly divided and assigned to three different treatments: storage in distilled water as the controls (subgroups 1a–5a), 3 weeks distilled water + 1 week Coca-Cola (subgroups 1b-5b), and 4 weeks Coca-Cola (subgroups 1c–5c). For each subgroup, the flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured using an Instron universal testing machine, and data were submitted to statistical analysis. Considering subgroups B, no material showed a significant difference in the flexural strength with the controls (p > 0.05), whereas for subgroups C, only GXT and VCB showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05). AFX reported the lowest flexural strength among the materials tested. As regards the elastic modulus, no material showed a significant variation after acidic storages when compared with the respective control (p > 0.05). AFX and EPH reported the lowest elastic modulus compared to the other materials. All composites tested showed adequate flexural properties according to the standards, except for AFX. This biomimetic material, along with EPH, might be indicated for V class (cervical) restorations considering the lowest values of elasticity reported.
Highlights
Along with periodontitis, dental caries represents the most common oral disease and the major cause of tooth loss [1]
The null hypothesis is that for each material tested there is no significant difference in the flexural strength and elastic modulus for the five different composite resins neither after a three-week acid challenge nor after a four-week acid challenge when compared to controls stored in distilled water during the whole experimentation
In the field of restorative dentistry, biomimetic composite materials have been undergoing a rapid evolution considering the number of products proposed
Summary
Dental caries represents the most common oral disease and the major cause of tooth loss [1]. It consists of an infective process leading to the dissolution of hydroxyapatite, the mineral component of the hard tissues of tooth and bone [2]. The same fade of the tooth’s hydroxyapatite occurs as reported for decay, this time without the action of acidogenic bacteria but following the exposition to both intrinsic (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, eating disorders associated with vomiting) or extrinsic (e.g., acidic drinks, bleaching procedures) acidic factors [5,6].
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