Abstract
Offshore meteorological characteristics set specific conditions for the operation of offshore wind farms. One specific feature is low turbulence intensity which on the one hand reduces loads on turbines but on the other hand is the reason for much longer turbine and farm wakes than over land. The German Government is presently funding a research project called WIPAFF (Wind PArk Far Field) which heads for the analysis of properties and impacts of offshore wind park far fields. The focus is on the analysis of wind farm wakes, their interaction among each other and their regional climate impact. This is done by in-situ, extensive aircraft and satellite measurements and by operating meso-scale wind field models and an analytical wind farm model.
Highlights
The lower turbulence intensity does not have advantageous effects only
Numerical modelling with simple analytical wind park models [4] and meso-scale wind field models [5] have shown these prolonged wind farm wakes as well
In Europe, many countries have started to erect offshore wind farms in the North Sea. This planned intensive usage of the North Sea for offshore wind farms poses several questions which deserve answers in the near future. Amongst these questions are: (1) how far will wakes extend behind wind farms? (2) how do the extension of wakes depend on atmospheric conditions such as thermal stability and sea surface conditions? (3) will the wakes from different wind farms interact which each other? (4) can these wakes be adequately modelled with meso-scale wind field models and other wind farm models? (5) will there be an impact of the planned wind farms on the regional climate at adjacent coastal areas?
Summary
The lower turbulence intensity does not have advantageous effects only. Turbulence is an important parameter for the dissipation of wakes as well. Numerical modelling with simple analytical wind park models [4] and meso-scale wind field models [5] have shown these prolonged wind farm wakes as well. In order to find these answers the German research project WIPAFF (WInd PArk Far Field) has been initiated within which aircraft measurements, SAR satellite image evaluation and numerical modelling will form a major part.
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