Abstract
This paper explores the spatial impact of green infrastructure (GI) location on the resilience of urban drainage systems by the application of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). A framework that integrates resilience assessment, location sensitivity analysis and ESDA is presented and applied to an urban catchment in the United Kingdom. Three types of GI, namely a bioretention cell, permeable pavement, and green roof, are evaluated separately and simultaneously. Resilience is assessed using stress-strain tests, which measure the system performance based on the magnitude and duration of sewer flooding and combined sewer overflows. Based on the results of a location sensitivity analysis, ESDA is applied to determine if there is spatial autocorrelation, spatial clusters, and spatial outliers. Results show a stronger spatial dependency using sewer flooding indicators. Different GI measures present differences in spatial autocorrelation and spatial cluster results, highlighting the differences in their underlying mechanisms. The finding of conflicting spatial clusters indicates that there are trade-offs in the placement of GI in certain locations. The proposed framework can be used as a tool for GI spatial planning, helping in the development of a systematic approach for resilience-performance orientated GI design and planning.
Highlights
The need to build resilience into urban drainage systems is increasingly recognised as vital, as systems need to adapt and recover from failure in face of deeply uncertain threats [1]
This paper proposes the application of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to understand the impact of green infrastructure (GI) location on resilience enhancement in urban drainage systems
The results show that the impact of a single GI at a system level is small for most of the locations, there is still a great variation presented in the results due to the placement of GI in different subcatchments
Summary
The need to build resilience into urban drainage systems is increasingly recognised as vital, as systems need to adapt and recover from failure in face of deeply uncertain threats [1]. A major strategy to enhance the resilience of urban drainage systems is the implementation and expansion of green infrastructure (GI) [3,4]. GI is on-site naturebased stormwater management measures that contribute to reversing hydrological and water quality impacts of urbanisation [5]. They are a promising alternative to traditional stormwater practices, as they increase the flexibility and diversity of the urban drainage systems and bring multiple functions and benefits, such as water quality improvements, flood risk reduction, increased biodiversity, improved air quality and reduction of urban heat island effect [6,7,8,9]. GI has been promoted by government agencies and organisations, and adopted in various countries [10,11]
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