Exploring the smoking cessation needs of individuals with diabetes using the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model.

Abstract

Smoking cessation is an important aspect of diabetes management. Despite the increased risk for diabetes complications when smoking, evidence suggests that people living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are less likely to quit smoking when compared to those without diabetes. Guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, this study aimed to identify the needs of individuals living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to quit smoking. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Semi-structured telephone interviews were held between April and June 2021, with 20 former and current Maltese smokers living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, recruited from the diabetic clinics within the two main acute public hospitals. The interview transcriptions were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. Individuals with diabetes need more information on the effects of smoking on diabetes to encourage cessation. Preventing diabetic complications was reported as a motivator to quit smoking. However, having diabetes was identified as a challenge to quitting. Participants welcomed the provision of health professional support for quitting smoking, identifying the need to provide smoking cessation support within diabetic clinics. The provision of information on tobacco-associated diabetic complications, by using video messages featuring former smokers' stories was also suggested. To promote smoking cessation among individuals with diabetes, they need to be informed about how smoking affects their condition. Utilizing video messages featuring real-life stories of former smokers with diabetes who experienced tobacco-associated diabetic complications may be influential. Additionally, providing diabetes-specific intensive smoking cessation support is crucial to help them quit.