Exploring the Role of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and HMGB-1 in Bacterial Infection

Abstract

Background and Aim: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Salmonella typhi will attach with Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) and trigger an inflammatory response to fight the pathogen. Due to infection, the HMGB1 is produced by immune cells or secreted passively from dead cells. Fur-thermore, the antimicrobial peptide, cathelicidin was secreted to neutralize and eliminate these path-ogens. This study aims to examine the interaction of Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), TLR-4, and HMGB-1 on inhibiting bacterial growth in Salmonella infection. Methods: This study is an experiment that uses a pre-post-test design. Mice balb/c were separated into three groups; group A received levofloxacin for five days, group B received a placebo, and group C was the control. Both groups, A and B, received an injection of S. Typhi strain thy1. Blood samples were taken from three groups on the 4th, 10th, and 30th day to calculate CAMP, TLR-4, and HMGB-1 mRNA gene expression levels. To determine bacterial colony, peritoneal fluid was taken three times on the 4th, 10th, and 30th day to calculate bacterial colony. Results: Our finding observed that the expression of mRNA CAMP was inversely related to bacte-rial colony count, which means that higher CAMP mRNA expression was associated with reduced bacterial colony count in groups A and B. The expression of HMGB-1 mRNA was found to be positively correlated with bacterial growth in group A. Meanwhile, TLR-4 mRNA expression did not significantly correlate with bacterial colony count in any groups. method: This study is an experiment that uses a pre-post-test design. Mice balb/c were separated into three groups; group A received levofloxacin for five days, group B received a placebo, and group C was the control. Both groups, A and B, received an injection of S. Typhi strain thy1. Blood samples were taken from three groups on the 4th, 10th, and 30th day to calculate CAMP, TLR-4, and HMGB-1 mRNA gene expression levels. To determine bacterial colony, peritoneal fluid was taken three times on the 4th, 10th, and 30th day to calculate bacterial colony. Conclusions: CAMP, TLR-4, and HMGB-1 affect bacterial infections. Higher expression CAMP mRNA levels lower colony counts. Meanwhile, decreasing TLR-4 and HMGB-1 mRNA expression were found during the study, due to reducing growth bacteria. result: The expression of mRNA CAMP and bacterial colony count correlated negatively. The expression of HMGB-1 mRNA correlated with bacterial growth. Higher CAMP mRNA expression was found to relate to reduced bacterial colony count in groups A and B using linear regression.