Abstract
This study aimed to identify any association of serum nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 90 apparently healthy subjects, categorized into three BMI groups as follows: BMI≤19.5 (n = 21), 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 (n = 35), and BMI≥25 (n = 34). Serum levels of NO were measured by griess reaction method. Determination of serum pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine (CML) was done using ELISA. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]: lower- upper) of serum NO in subjects with BMI≥25 were 68.94 (CI: 55.01–70.56) μmol/L, which was higher compared with 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 and BMI≤19.5 groups (22.65 (CI: 19.29–28.17) μmol/L and 8.00 (CI: 9.12–29.58) μmol/L, respectively). Serum NO positively correlated with BMI in total subjects (r = 0.585, p<0.001), which this correlation was significant in both male and female groups (r = 0.735, p<0.001 and r = 0.476, p = 0.001, respectively). Serum pentosidine and CML were significantly lower in subjects with higher BMI. Further, BMI showed negative correlations with pentosidine and CML (r = -0.363, p<0.001 and r = -0.484, p<0.001, respectively). There were not any significant differences in serum NO, pentosidine, and CML levels between sex groups. After adjusting the effects of confounders (BMI, sex, age, and waist to hip ratio), serum NO significantly correlated with serum pentosidine and CML (r = -0.319, p = 0.003 and r = -0.433, p<0.001, respectively). It is concluded that higher BMI is accompanied by increased serum NO and suppressed pentosidine and CML.
Highlights
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder which defined as an excessive fat accumulation that may impair health [1]
The major findings of the present study are (1) serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI), which is raised by increasing BMI, (2) the serum levels of pentosidine and CML inversely associated with BMI, as they were higher in subjects with lower BMI, and (3) serum NO levels is inversely correlated with levels of pentosidine and CML
Choi studied on 319 apparently healthy adolescents and reported that BMI was positively associated with NO in both male and female subjects, as mean BMI in male adolescents with NO>92.8 μmol/l was 26.8± 3.4, which was significantly higher than males with NO
Summary
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder which defined as an excessive fat accumulation that may impair health [1]. The obesity is a main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes mellitus and some cancers [3, 4]. Obesity is associated with inflammation due to the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and expression of tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in adipose tissue. There is evidence that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, which may affect nitric oxide (NO) production and activation [5]. Diminished bioavailability of NO in the body, is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hyperlipidemia (HLP), diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome [7, 8]
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