Abstract
The aim of the work described here was to understand the pedogeochemical signature of five rare earth elements (REEs; Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc) in vineyard soils in Campo de Calatrava (a unique territory with calcareous, volcanic and metamorphic rocks). The mean contents in surface horizons of Ce, Nd, La, Y, and Sc were 65.7, 32.0, 35.5, 18.8, and 13.9 mg·kg–1, respectively. In subsurface horizons the contents were Ce 62.8, Nd 31.1, La 35.7, Y 17.9, and Sc 14.4 mg·kg–1. The results show that mean contents of REEs in the area under investigation are in the order Ce > Nd > La > Y > Sc. Ce has a very high range, with a value close to 150 mg·kg–1. On the other hand, concentrations of Ce, Nd, Y, and Sc are higher in soils on volcanic material than in soils on nonvolcanic material, while only La values are lower in soils on volcanic rocks. The distributional maps of REEs in surface and subsurface horizons suggest that parent material and pedogenesis such as argillization and calcium carbonate accumulation are more important factors than the use of REE-based fertilizers, except in certain exceptional cases (consistent with a possible specific human impact after continuous fertilization).
Highlights
Soil is a multicomponent, biogeochemical open system that contains liquids, solids and gases
The descriptive statistics for the individual rare earth elements (REEs) in volcanic soils are listed in Table 3 along with those for soils developed on materials of nonvolcanic nature
Comparison of the mean concentrations of REEs in the soils on volcanic rocks versus nonvolcanic rocks reveals that the former soils are moderately enriched in REEs relative to the latter
Summary
Biogeochemical open system that contains liquids, solids and gases. Vineyards are considered to be distinctive landmarks in the local economy and rural landscape in La Mancha (Central Spain), which includes the Campo de Calatrava territory–a region in which grapevine cultivation is very common. In this region the soil-climate-vine triangle has been suitably combined for several decades. Campo de Calatrava (Figure 1) can be considered as a rural area that has a unique cultural heritage and vineyards have played a key role in the agricultural economy of this region, in the last 2–3 decades This idyllic aspect is experiencing certain tangential aspects of an ecological nature, such as increased irrigation
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