Abstract
As a green and sustainable travel mode, the bikeshare plays an important role in solving the “last-mile” problem. The new dockless bikeshare system (DBS) is widely favored by travelers, and the traditional docked bikeshare system (BS) is affected to a certain extent, but the specific circumstances of this impact are not yet known. To fill the knowledge gap, the objective of this study is to measure the impacts of DBS on London cycle hire, which is a type of BS. In this study, the travel data of 707 docking stations in two periods, i.e., March 2018 and March 2017, are included. A spatial-temporal analysis is first conducted to investigate the mobility pattern changes. A complex network analysis is then developed to explore the impact of DBS on network connectivity. The results suggest a significant decrease of 64% in the average trip amounts, with both origins and destinations in the affected area, and the trips with short and medium duration and short and medium distances are mainly replaced by DBS. DBS also has a considerable impact on the structure and properties of the mobility network. The connectivity and interaction strength between stations decrease after DBS appears. We also concluded that the observed changes are heterogeneously distributed in space, especially on weekends. The applied spatial-temporal analysis and complex network analysis provide a better understanding of the relationships between DBS and BS.
Highlights
With the development of cities, environmental pollution and traffic congestion have become worldwide problems [1,2]
In the selection process of the data, we use the data of the London cycle hire in three areas such as Hackney and Islington and City of London as research, and compare the data of the London cycle hire in other areas that dockless bikeshare systems (DBS) had not released before March 2018
The cycling trips are divided into four types: trips with both the origins and destinations in the unaffected area (Type 1); trips with the origins in the affected area (Type 2); trips with the destinations in the affected area (Type 3); trips with both the origins and destinations in the affected area (Type 4)
Summary
With the development of cities, environmental pollution and traffic congestion have become worldwide problems [1,2]. In 2017, dockless bikeshare systems (DBS) appeared in London for the first time, including Mobike, Ofo and Urbo. AAlltthhoouugghhpprreevviioouussssttuuddiieesshhaavveessuuggggeesstteeddtthhaattootthheerrttrraavveellmmooddeessddiiddhhaavvee iimmppaaccttss oonn BBSS,, ssuucchh aass tthhee eeffffeeccttssoofftthheeLLoonnddoonnCCyyccllee SSuuppeerrhhiigghhwwaayyss [[3344]], the effffeeccttss ooff tthhee mmeettrroo [[77,,1111,,3355]],, tthhee eeffffeeccttooff DDBBSS oonn BBSS iiss rraarreellyy ssttuuddiieedd iinn tthhee lliitteerraattuurree. After DBS arrived, the local government was very supportive because they believed that DBS would help residents travel environmentally and improve urban sustainable development [36]. The result showed that the spatial and temporal demand of bikeshare trips was imbalanced. Dell’Amico et al [38] developed stochastic programming models to solve the bikeshare rebalancing problem with stochastic demands. The results showed that regular users and occasional users share similar riding times and distances, while there were significant differences in the spatial-temporal distribution for both bikeshare systems. Some studies focus on the factors influencing the usage of DBS [21,41,42]
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