Abstract
The main aim of this article is to examine the short-run and long-run impacts of urbanization and real effective exchange rate on the tourism output of Singapore. This article uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test to examine the relationship between urbanization, inflation, and tourism output by using the time series data for 30 years (1985–2015). The findings of this article confirm that a 1% increase in urbanization will increase tourism output by 132.87% in the longrun. A 1% positive change in urbanization will decrease tourism output by 68.83% in the short-run. The findings of this article also confirm that a 1% increase in the real effective exchange rate will decrease the tourism output of Singapore by 6.25% in the long-run. A 1% positive change in real effective exchange rate will increase tourism output by 2.23% in the short-run. This study has implications for policy makers and academics.
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