Exploring the determinants of global life expectancy in an ecological perspective

Abstract

Objective: This study is designed to understand the impacts of demographic events, socioeconomic differentials, health factors’ availability, and environmental reasons which influence life expectancy (LE) globally. Methods: Data of 183 countries were taken from the United Nations agencies. The predicted variable was LE, and the determinants were demographic events, socioeconomic factors, health-related factors, and environmental issues. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and backward multiple regression analysis were used to reach the research objectives. Results: The lowest LEs were found in the African countries; and LE was found significantly associated (p<0.05) with a wide range of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. The necessity of full coverage of immunization, higher income, and improved sanitation are expected to raise LE. However, LE may be increased by way of decreased fertilities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence, and carbon dioxide () emissions. Conclusions: LE is influenced by different demographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors. Country-level and global efforts should be taken to raise LE throughout the reduction of HIV infection, births, and emissions. The policy-makers should focus on advancing reproductive decisions, increasing immunization coverage, and upturning improved sanitation usage.