Abstract
Abstract Background: The success of combined prosthodontics and implant treatments is influenced by various biomechanical factors, including load distribution, stress distribution, and material selection. These factors play a critical role in determining the longevity and functionality of implant-supported prosthetic restorations. Aim: This study aimed to explore the biomechanical factors influencing the success of combined prosthodontics and implant treatments, focusing on load distribution, stress distribution, and material selection. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with a sample size of 30 patients requiring implant-supported prosthetic restorations. Standard titanium implants were placed, followed by the application of prosthetic components fabricated from materials such as zirconia, porcelain-fused-to-metal, monolithic zirconia, and composite resin. Cone-beam computed tomography and finite element analysis were used to assess the load and stress distribution. Intraoral sensors measured occlusal load, and data were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months post-prosthesis placement. Results: Posterior mandibular implants exhibited the highest mean occlusal load (220 N), with a significant variability among patients. Zirconia and monolithic zirconia prosthetics demonstrated the lowest mean stress (750 and 700 MPa, respectively) and no fracture incidents, whereas composite resin showed the highest mean stress (900 MPa) and the most fractures. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate material selection and biomechanical planning to prevent implant overload and prosthetic failure. Conclusion: Biomechanical factors, including load and stress distribution, along with careful material selection, are crucial for the success of implant-supported prosthetic restorations. Posterior regions, especially the mandible, require meticulous planning to distribute the occlusal forces evenly. Zirconia and monolithic zirconia materials are recommended for high-load areas due to their superior mechanical properties and fracture resistance.
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