Abstract
The isolation and assessment of the active constituents in polar and non-polar crude extracts of Saussurea costus roots as antifungal agents, against Candida albicans and non-C. albicans (NAC) species, was the aim of this current investigation. The SEM “Scanning electron microscopy” imaging provided potential action modes of n-hexane extract (nhhE) toward Candida spp., whereas the TLC-DB “Thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography” was employed for detecting the anticandidal compounds. nhhE had the greatest biocidal activity against all strains and clinical isolates of Candida spp. with maximum zones of inhibition. SEM revealed the occurrence of irregular, dense inclusions of C. albicans cell walls after treatment with nhhE for 12 h. Complete morphological distortions with lysed membranes and deterioration signs appeared in most treated cells of C. parapsilosis. The most effectual compound with anticandidal activity was isolated using TLC-BD and identified as sesquiterpene by GC/MS analysis. The infra-red analysis revealed the presence of lactone ring stretching vibrations at 1766.72 cm−1. The anticandidal activity of nhhE of S. costus roots was confirmed from the results, and the treated cotton fabrics with nhhE of S. costus possessed observable activity against C. albicans. Data could recommend the practical usage of S. costus extracts, particularly nhhE, as influential natural bioactive sources for combating pathogenic Candida spp.
Highlights
Candida species are yeasts that can dangerously cause many types of fungal infections in human body/organs, whereas “Candidiasis” is the general term to categorize the infectious diseases from Candida contagion [1]
C. albicans (43.34%) was the most common isolated Candida species, followed by C. parapsilosis (30%), C. glabrata (10%), C. tropicalis (10%), C. pseudotropicalis (3.33%), and C. guillimondii (3.33%)
The analysis reports revealed the presence of dehydrocostuslactoneas as an eff1e1ctoifve18 anticandidal agent extracted from the n-hexane extract of S. costus
Summary
Candida species are yeasts that can dangerously cause many types of fungal infections in human body/organs, whereas “Candidiasis” is the general term to categorize the infectious diseases from Candida contagion [1]. Candida species are prevalent cutaneous, vaginal, and gastrointestinal invaders. Candida species do not regularly cause noticeable impairment in healthy people, but they can cause a variety of diseases in particular circumstances, including chronic candidiasis, vaginitis, and endophthalmitis [2]. Infections caused by Candida have become much more common over the world, with fatality rates exceeding 70% in some patient groups [3]. Over 90% of Candida-related infections are caused by C. albicans and non-C. albicans (NAC) species, e.g., C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei [4]. C. auris emerged lately as a serious nosocomial pathogen that can cause invasive infections and healthcare-associated outbreaks in hospitals around the world [3–5]
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