Exploring Roemheld syndrome: acomprehensive review with proposed diagnostic criteria.

Abstract

Roemheld syndrome (RS) is acondition that triggers cardiac symptoms due to gastrointestinal compression of the heart. It is often misdiagnosed as other types of cardiac or digestive disorders, leading to unnecessary treatments and reduced quality of life. Here, we provide athorough review of RS, covering its pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. We found that anumber of conditions, including gallstones, hiatal hernia, excessive gas, and gastroesophageal reflux syndrome, can cause RS. The symptoms of RS can include chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. Clinical history, physical examination, electrocardiograms, and improvement in symptoms following gastrointestinal therapy can all be used to identify RS. We also propose aset of criteria, the IKMAIR criteria, to improve the diagnostic approach for this condition. Dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, pharmaceutical therapies, and surgical procedures can all be used to control RS. Depending on the underlying etiology and the outcome of treatment, RS has avarying prognosis. We conclude that RS is acomplicated and understudied disorder that needs more attention from researchers and patients as well as from medical professionals. We recommend the inclusion of RS in the differential diagnosis for individuals with gastrointestinal problems and unexplained cardiac symptoms. Additionally, we advise treating RS holistically by attending to its cardiac and gastrointestinal components.