Exploring perspectives on vaccinations delivered in complementary non-clinical settings and by non-physician healthcare professionals: A qualitative interview study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo understand perspectives on vaccine administration at complementary sites (such as pharmacies, mobile clinics, and pop-up clinics) by non-physician healthcare providers (NPHPs), and the policies/barriers surrounding administration. MethodsWe performed interviews with healthcare providers (HCPs) and vaccination policy experts to elicit perspectives on including vaccination program scope, facilitators and barriers to NPHPs administering vaccines, and recommendations for improvement of vaccine administration. Eligible participants were required to either work directly in vaccination administration or work in vaccination policy. ResultsThirty-eight participants completed interviews. Participants reported that US individuals have a positive view of vaccination at complementary sites and by NPHPs, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, where vaccination was often performed by NPHPs at complementary sites. Concerns expressed by participants included language barriers, out-of-pocket costs, and mistrust among marginalized communities. Participants described the complexity of state and local regulations, particularly scope of practice laws, as a barrier to implementation of NPHP vaccination programs at complementary sites. ConclusionsNPHPs and vaccination advocates report that complementary sites represent a potentially important step to ensuring broader, more equitable vaccination service in the US.