Abstract
This article studies the variables of entrepreneurship at the regional (countries) level proposed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) in its periodic global reports. This response to the suggestions and concerns of various authors is related to the need to analyze the theoretical foundation of the variables used by GEM. The validity and reliability of GEM data for the scientific study of entrepreneurship are also analyzed. Finally, the potential of GEM data to manage entrepreneurship variables at the country level is studied. Data from the GEM global report and the fifty countries for which data are available on all variables are used in the study. The methodology used is the Rasch mathematical model, a valuable alternative to the Classical Theory of the Test. The results confirm the theoretical validity of GEM data, its validity and reliability for the development of scientific studies, and its potential for managing entrepreneurship variables at the country level. Both the methodology used and the conclusions obtained constitute novel contributions to this field.
Highlights
Entrepreneurship is a multidimensional, global process in which the result is the creation of a new company [1,2,3]
This first objective tries to contrast the theoretical foundation of the variables included in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) model, as some authors have suggested [42,43,44]
The personal variables proposed by GEM are measured as percentages, while in the literature, scales are preferred
Summary
Entrepreneurship is a multidimensional, global process in which the result is the creation of a new company [1,2,3]. As entrepreneurship is essential to economic growth, sustainable development, and employment creation [5,6,7], the process of creating a new company has become a critical research field [8,9,10]. Researchers have made efforts to identify the factors on which entrepreneurship depends in a regional (e.g., local, country) context [11,12,13,14]. There are two lines of research about the variables that favor entrepreneurship in a regional context [21,22]
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