Exploring Moderation Dynamics: Callous-Unemotional Traits, Parental Practices and Conduct Problems in JuvenileDelinquency.

Abstract

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits, parental practices and conduct problems (CP) have been consistently identified across numerous studies as significant predictors of the severity and persistence of juvenile delinquency. This study seeks to investigate the moderation dynamics underlying the relationships between these variables among Arab incarcerated youth. Specifically, the study aims to (1) explore whether parental practices moderate the relationship between CU traits and CP among incarcerated youth in Jordan and (2) examine the bidirectional moderating influence of CU traits in shaping the dynamic relationship between parental practices and CP within the context of Arab juvenile delinquency. An observational survey design was employed, gathering data from 184 incarcerated youth across 11 rehabilitation centres in Jordan. Latent profile analysis identified three parental practice classes: more positive, balanced and more negative. Moderation analyses indicated significant associations between CU traits, parental practices and CP. Parental practices, especially positive ones, moderated the relationship between CU traits and CP, highlighting the protective influence of balanced parenting. Furthermore, bidirectional moderation effects were observed: CU traits moderated the link between parental practices and CP, while CP influenced parenting practices, particularly in the presence of elevated CU traits. The findings of this study underscore the vital role mental health nurses can play in addressing the behavioural and psychological challenges faced by youth involved in the justice system and their families. Specifically, mental health nurses can aid in ameliorating mental distress by supporting parents in understanding and managing CU traits and CP. Nurses can provide targeted educational programmes that empower parents with strategies to reinforce positive parenting practices and reduce negative interactions. Furthermore, nurses can facilitate access to community resources and therapy options, helping families build a supportive environment conducive to the mental well-being of the youth. These interventions are crucial not only for the direct treatment of juveniles but also in providing holistic support to their families, thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of mental health care in juvenile delinquency. This study highlights the essential role that mental health nurses play in managing behavioural issues among youth, emphasising the significance of implementing culturally sensitive interventions. Mental health nurses possess a pivotal position in early detection and intervention, which enables them to guide families in fostering positive parenting practices, essential for preventing delinquent behaviours. Their efforts to promote understanding and responsiveness within family dynamics make a significant contribution to the mental well-being of individuals, highlighting the necessity of their role in global mental health.