Abstract
This review highlights the underexplored potential and promises of marine bioactive peptides (MBPs) with unique structural, physicochemical, and biological activities to fight against the current and future human pathologies. A particular focus is given to the marine environment as a significant source to obtain or extract high-value MBPs from touched/untouched sources. For instance, marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and marine polysaccharides, are considered prolific sources of amino acids at large, and peptides/polypeptides in particular, with fundamental structural sequence and functional entities of a carboxyl group, amine, hydrogen, and a variety of R groups. Thus, MBPs with tunable features, both structural and functional entities, along with bioactive traits of clinical and therapeutic value, are of ultimate interest to reinforce biomedical settings in the 21st century. On the other front, as the largest biome globally, the marine biome is the so-called “epitome of untouched or underexploited natural resources” and a considerable source with significant potentialities. Therefore, considering their biological and biomedical importance, researchers around the globe are redirecting and/or regaining their interests in valorizing the marine biome-based MBPs. This review focuses on the widespread bioactivities of MBPs, FDA-approved MBPs in the market, sustainable development goals (SDGs), and legislation to valorize marine biome to underlying the impact role of bioactive elements with the related pathways. Finally, a detailed overview of current challenges, conclusions, and future perspectives is also given to satisfy the stimulating demands of the pharmaceutical sector of the modern world.
Highlights
marine bioactive peptides (MBPs) have gained significant research interests as robust alternatives to synthetic counterparts, becoming less effective with high drug-resistant issues
The market-available MBP-based products have been developed using a unique combination of pristine counterparts and compositional alternation, as appropriate for medicinal, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical uses
Marine biotechnology and pharmacology have infinite potential to formulate/synthesize new MBPs that show a dynamic role in bio- and non-bioindustries of the modern world
Summary
MBPs have gained significant research interests as robust alternatives to synthetic counterparts, becoming less effective with high drug-resistant issues. The growing technological advancement, scientific awareness, legislative authorities, and a broader variability of technological and analytical endorsement all support the exploitation of treasure of natural and underexploited sources from the marine biome [1,2] In this context, the utilization of sustainable sources and the development of green technologies could be the key to going green. MBPs are being used to develop novel formulations in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries Owing to their advantageous features, such as robust affinity, functional reactivity, specificity, selectivity, etc., MBPs offer practical and positive replacements, compared with their synthetic counterpart formulations and chemical drugs [4,5]. The section concerns the marine biome and its potent MBPs with superior performance The latter half of the paper addresses the generalized overview of bioactivities with biomedical and pharmaceutical potentialities to understand the fundamental impact and role of bioactive elements with related pathways. A detailed overview of current challenges, conclusions, and future perspectives is given to satisfy the stimulating demands of the pharmaceutical sector of the modern world
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