Exploring magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection in a complex chamber with hybrid nanoliquids: A numerical approach

Abstract

This research focuses on the examination of magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow, employing a Cu − Al2O3-water hybrid nanoliquid, within a complex chamber featuring moving horizontal walls. The study encompasses four distinct cases (Case-I to Case-IV), each corresponding to different multi-directional movements of the horizontal walls within the chamber. In Case I, a single lid-driven flow is characterized by the rightward movement of the upper wall, while Case II mirrors this configuration with the leftward movement of the lower wall. Case III explores a double lid-driven flow with anti-parallel motion (upper moving right, lower moving left), and Case IV involves parallel motion of both lids to the right, with the vertical walls being stationary. This study is fundamentally designed to explore how different types of moving walls impact the transport behavior of a hybrid nanofluid and to assess the influence of a magnetic field on its hydrothermal characteristics. The motivation behind this investigation is rooted in the essential drive to elevate thermal performance across a spectrum of mechanical and engineering applications. Numerical simulations are executed using a Higher Order Compact (HOC) scheme to comprehensively analyze these four cases. The key findings highlight the superior thermal performance of the Cu − Al2O3-water hybrid nanoliquid compared to mono nanoliquids. The incorporation of hybrid nanoparticles leads to an average increase of 19.34% in the Nusselt number for Case-I, 19.81% for Case-II, 24.75% for Case-III, and 26.88% for Case-IV. These results underscore that the use of the hybrid nanoliquid, combining Cu − Al2O3 in water, significantly enhances heat transfer efficiency. This enhancement is particularly beneficial for diverse engineering applications, including heat exchangers, electronic cooling, automotive cooling, renewable energy systems, and microfluidics.