Abstract
Several anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino experiments suggest the existence of new light sterile neutrino species. In this review, we describe the potential role of long-baseline experiments in the searches of sterile neutrino properties and, in particular, the new CP-violation phases that appear in the enlarged 3 + 1 scheme. We also assess the impact of light sterile states on the discovery potential of long-baseline experiments of important targets such as the standard 3-flavor CP violation, the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the octant of θ 23 .
Highlights
More than twenty years ago, groundbreaking observations of neutrinos produced in natural sources provided the first evidence of neutrino oscillations and established the massive nature of neutrinos [1,2,3,4,5]
2-flavor descriptions adopted in the beginning to describe disjointly the solar and the atmospheric neutrino problems have been gradually recognized as two pieces of a single picture, which is presently considered as the standard framework of neutrino oscillations
Several anomalies observed in short-baseline neutrino experiments suggest the existence of new light sterile neutrino species
Summary
More than twenty years ago, groundbreaking observations of neutrinos produced in natural sources (sun and Earth atmosphere) provided the first evidence of neutrino oscillations and established the massive nature of neutrinos [1,2,3,4,5]. Light sterile neutrinos can produce observable effects in the long-baseline (LBL) accelerator experiments We recall that such setups, when working in the νμ → νe (and νμ → νe ) appearance channel, are able to identify the 3-flavor CP violation (CPV) induced by the standard CP-phase δ. This sensitivity is strictly related to the circumstance that at long distances the νμ → νe conversion probability contains an interference term (which is unobservable at SBL experiments) among the oscillations induced by the solar mass-squared difference and those driven by the atmospheric one. Appendix A contains the analytical treatment of the matter effects relevant for LBL experiments in the 3 + 1 scheme
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