Exploring inspiratory occlusion metrics to assess respiratory drive in patients under acute intermittent hypoxia

Abstract

Patients living with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) experience respiratory weakness and, eventually, failure due to inspiratory motor neuron degeneration. Routine pulmonary function tests (e.g., maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)) are used to assess disease progression and ventilatory compromise. However, these tests are poor discriminators between respiratory drive and voluntary respiratory function at rest. To better understand ALS disease progression, we can look into compensatory strategies and how patients consciously react to the occlusion and the effort produced to meet the ventilatory challenge of the occlusion. This ventilatory challenge, especially beyond the P0.1 (200 ms and 300 ms), provides information regarding the patient’s ability to recruit additional respiratory muscles as a compensatory strategy. Utilizing a standard P0.1 protocol to assess respiratory drive, we extend the occlusion time analysis to 200 ms and 300 ms (Detected Occlusion Response (DOR)) in order to capture compensatory respiratory mechanics. Furthermore, we followed an Acute Intermittent Hypoxia (AIH) protocol known to increase phrenic nerve discharge to evaluate the compensatory strategies. Inspiratory pressure, the rate of change in pressure, and pressure generation normalized to MIP were measured at 100 ms, 200 ms, and 300 ms after an occlusion. Airway occlusions were performed three times during the experiment (i.e., baseline, 30 and 60 minutes post-AIH). Results indicated that while AIH did not elicit change in the P0.1 or MIP, the DOR increased for ALS patients. These results support the expected therapeutic role of AIH and indicate the potential of the DOR as a metric to detect compensatory changes.