Abstract
Objective:Breastfeeding has been shown to have many health benefits to both the infant and the mother. However, there are racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding rates across all U.S. states and territories. This study sought to understand the support needed to improve breastfeeding rates and address disparities in El Paso County, Texas using the socioecological model framework for analysis.Methods:We conducted focus groups involving 16 Hispanic and Black mothers. During these sessions, we asked them about the environmental and social factors that influenced their decisions to either start or stop breastfeeding. Additionally, we interviewed six health professionals to gain insights into the support activities they provide to breastfeeding women and identify potential gaps in care.Results:The study found several themes that align with prior research on breastfeeding support: (a) Breastfeeding is recognized as being healthy, but misconceptions exist about formula. (b) Some mothers find public breastfeeding or pumping inappropriate, but opinions vary. (c) Family members significantly influence the decision to breastfeed; their support varies. (d) Although aid from healthcare professionals (HCPs) in breastfeeding is appreciated and valued, it is not always available. (e) HCPs are not uniformly perceived as knowledgeable or helpful, occasionally providing conflicting information. (f) Prenatal classes featuring breastfeeding are appreciated, but the depth of information provided varies. (g) Women seek increased postdischarge support from hospitals. (h) The transition back to work introduces various challenges. (i) Community norms and attitudes toward breastfeeding can be unsupportive. (j) Demand exists for updated, accessible local breastfeeding resources. (k) The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is valued, but there is confusion about services and eligibility requirements. (l) Undocumented immigrants might hesitate to access public services due to concerns about their status.Conclusions:Breastfeeding support programs should take into account the cultural context, the influence of healthcare providers, and the availability of community support. Addressing these aspects can be key to promoting breastfeeding and reducing disparities in breastfeeding rates.
Published Version
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