Exploring EEG-Based Biomarkers for Improved Early Alzheimer's Disease Detection: A Feature-Based Approach Utilizing Machine Learning

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing and analysis techniques aimed at enhancing early diagnosis methods for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Leveraging a dataset that has EEG data of individuals diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), AD, Healthy Controls, and the study explores Preprocessing Methods and Feature Extraction Techniques, with machine learning model notably Support Vector Machines (SVM).In the preprocessing phase, a combination of high pass, lowpass, Savitzky–Golay, and median filters are applied, informed by a comprehensive review of filter comparison literature. Feature extraction encompasses three primary categories: ‘Statistical, ‘Frequency Domain’ and ‘Time Domain’. The scope of this work is to explore features in all these three domains and build SVM based model for efficient classification. In our investigation, we achieved a categorization accuracy of 92% through the utilization of statistical features. Employing time domain features resulted in an accuracy of 87%, while frequency domain features also yielded an 87% accuracy rate in our study. The primary objective of this study is that it aims to enhance early AD diagnosis through advanced EEG signal processing and machine learning techniques, focusing on preprocessing methods, feature extraction, and classification accuracy.