Exploring Awareness of Labor Market Challenges in the Context of Automation and Robotization

Abstract

Objectives: This study explores and evaluates the awareness of labor market challenges posed by automation and robotization within the framework of Thailand 4.0 among students and educators in various educational institutions in Thailand. It seeks to identify the sources and quality of information on this topic, investigate the role of educational institutions in imparting knowledge, and determine if universities adequately equip students with future-proof skills to face the demands of the evolving job market. The findings of this research will help identify areas that require improvement and inform policy decisions to address the potential threat of unemployment and unclaimed skills in the future labor market. Methodology: This quantitative exploratory research adopts inductive reasoning and leverages statistical analysis through descriptive and inferential techniques, including calculating the Chi-square test of independence and the Spearman correlation test. Two distinct versions of the questionnaire tailored for educators and students, available in Thai to ensure clarity and relevance, were used. Six hundred and fifty-one participants, including students and educators representing 57 diverse educational institutions across Thailand, actively engaged in this data collection effort. Applying statistical techniques to the survey data, including descriptive statistics and inferential tests, yields valuable insights, effectively addressing our research questions. Main Results: The research findings shed light on the level of awareness of the perceived labor market challenges associated with automation and robotization. A significant proportion of students (86.7%) were familiar with these challenges. However, only a tiny fraction (11.5%) has acquired this awareness through educational efforts by institutions, emphasizing the need for improvement. Most students inadvertently stumble upon information on these challenges through news and media sources, often considered superficial and needing more guidance for effective career planning. Furthermore, the study reveals a deficiency in university counseling services, leaving many students uncertain about their career prospects in a world influenced by automation and robotization. Discussion: The study exposes concerning insights about the preparedness of educational institutions for the labor market challenges in the era of automation and robotization under Thailand 4.0. A significant proportion of students (40.6%) fear post-graduation unemployment, while a more substantial percentage (72.4%) anticipates their chosen professions becoming obsolete shortly after graduation, demanding urgent intervention. Furthermore, it highlights a lack of clear objectives within these institutions, casting doubts on the adequacy and relevance of current curricula. These findings necessitate a broader discussion on the challenges of automation and robotization in education. Conclusions: While the study initially suggests that Thai educational institutions may not adequately prepare their students for the challenges of automation and robotization associated with Thailand 4.0, it is essential to recognize that the absence of explicit inclusion of technological disruptions within current curricula does not necessarily indicate failure on their part or a disconnect with the transforming labor market. Instead, it underscores the need for a more comprehensive evaluation. The study emphasizes the crucial role of educational institutions in shaping the future workforce and aligning themselves with the dynamic challenges of automation and robotization. Proactive steps, such as revising curricula, enhancing industry collaboration, and promoting lifelong learning, remain paramount. Neglecting to adapt to these changing conditions carries the risk of leaving a significant portion of the workforce unemployable and hindering Thailand's progress toward achieving its vision under Thailand 4.0.