Exploration of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Antidiabetic Activity of a Northeast Indian Plant Zingiber rubens Roxb. through Modulation of PKC Phosphorylation

Abstract

Background: Zingiber rubens Roxb., a new species of the Zingiberaceae family, is found profoundly in the Northeastern region of India. It is a rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome native to Indo-China regimens. Objective: The aim is to research the root part of this plant to discover active constituents and evaluate the molecular mechanism of antidiabetic activity Methods: The hydroalcoholic root extract of this plant (HAZR) was evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant assays α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Further, the antidiabetic activity assay was evaluated, exploring the molecular mechanism for modulating oxidative stress in tissue biochemical parameters and HbA1c. To explore the molecular mechanism, we also investigated the inhibition assay of protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results: The experiments' results helped to conclude that HAZR has potent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and could have been embedded with potent active molecules. They also revealed the mechanism of action as inhibition of PKC phosphorylation, meriting further studies. Conclusion: The present study revealed that HAZR demonstrated its antidiabetic activity against diabetic animal models through oxidative stress-mediated PKC and TGF-β regulation in diabetic individuals.