Abstract
AbstractUnder green revolution practices, the imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes a negative impact on soil health due to the loss of soil microbial flora and fauna. To overcome this negative impact of the green revolution and to increase sustainable agricultural production without damaging further agricultural lands, the only alternative and effective means is to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture specifically for plant nutrition and plant protection. Under sustainable agricultural practices, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be effective tools to increase productivity while ensuring sustainability in agriculture. PGPR colonize the rhizosphere zone and help in promoting plant growth and development by regulating nutrient acquisition, modulation of plant hormones, and ameliorating various negative effects of various pathogens. PGPR also help sustain the plant growth productivity and significantly increase soil fertility and health under different biotic and abiotic stresses. As per the literature, many studies prove to increase agriculture productivity due to the use of PGPR as eco-friendly microbial inoculants for promoting plant growth attaributes through various direct and indirect mechanisms. The mechanisms of PGPR include biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormones production, Phosphate, potassium, and zinc solubilization, siderophores production, and secretion of other secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids and flavonoids)) that enhance crop productivity and control phytopathogens. Therefore, this chapter focuses on a detailed description of PGPR keeping in view their functional mechanisms as eco-friendly approaches to increase productivity and enhance soil fertility. PGPR can be used as an eco-friendly, socially acceptable, and cost-effective technology for challenges in the future.KeywordsPGPRProductivitySoil fertility and healthRhizosphereSustainable agriculture
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