Exploration of optical and gamma radiation shielding characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanohybrids based polyaniline ternary nanocomposites

Abstract

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline (PANI)-based nanocomposites integrated with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Leveraging the inherent properties of PANI, such as cost-effectiveness and tunability, and the unique mechanical, electrical, and optical characteristics of FMWCNTs and ZnO, we aim to develop advanced materials suitable for applications in radiation shielding, optics, and electronics. The FMWCNTs were first functionalized to enhance their solubility and processability. Subsequently, FMWCNTs@ZnO nanocomposites were prepared and incorporated into the PANI matrix using an in-situ polymerization technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted to ascertain the morphology and structural integrity of the nanocomposites. Additionally, UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to investigate their optical properties. It was found that there is 99.5 % increase in absorbance from pure PANI0 to PANI5 in the UV area, as well as the energy gap (Eg) diminishes as the quantity of FMWCNTs@Zn nanoparticles in the PANI matrix increases. The nanocomposites demonstrated a significant potential in gamma radiation shielding, as evidenced by their capacity to attenuate gamma radiation across various energies. This research not only provides a novel approach to designing polymer nanocomposites but also broadens the scope of their application in fields demanding advanced material properties.