Exploration of in vitro thrombolytic, anthelminthic, cytotoxic and in vivo anxiolytic potentials with phytochemical screening of flowers of Brassica nigra

Mohammad Sarowar Uddin,Mohammad Safiqul Islam,Md. Giash Uddin,Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui,Md. Shalahuddin Millat,Md. Saddam Hussain,Mahmuda Ferdous

doi:10.1186/s43094-020-00099-x

Abstract

BackgroundBrassica nigra is a plant of Brassicaceae family, which possesses numerous medicinal values. Our present study is intended to assess the potential in vitro thrombolytic, anthelminthic, cytotoxic and in vivo anxiolytic properties of MCE of B. nigra flowers. MCE was fractioned for separating the compound on the basis of polarity by using chloroform, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvent. Thrombolytic and anthelminthic activities were explained by collecting human erythrocytes and earthworms as test models, respectively. Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze and hole board models while cytotoxic test was conducted through brine shrimp lethality bioassay.ResultsMCE revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin, diterpenes, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenols, fixed oils and fat. In case of thrombolytic test, the MCE, CSF, ASF and n-HSF had produced maximum clot lysis activity at 5 and 10 mg/ml dose conditions. Two different concentrations (10 and 20 mg/ml) of MCE and its fractions showed significant (p < 0.05) anthelminthic activities in a dose-dependent manner. Significant anxiolytic activity was observed for all fractions which was comparable to the standard drug diazepam (p < 0.05). Again, the cytotoxic screening also presented good potentials for all fractions.ConclusionFrom the findings of present study, we can conclude that MCE of B. nigra flowers and its fraction possess significant anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticancer and thrombolytic properties which may be a good candidate for treating these diseases through the determination of bio-active lead compounds.

Highlights

Brassica nigra is a plant of Brassicaceae family, which possesses numerous medicinal values
The Methanol crude extract (MCE) of B. nigra was subjected to pharmacological investigations such as cytotoxic activity, anthelmintic activity, anxiolytic activity and thrombolytic activity
From the results of the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, it is observed that the Chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) demonstrated greater toxicity (1.563 μg/ml) compared with others and Aqueous soluble fraction (ASF) exerted the lowest percentage of mortality

Summary

Introduction

Brassica nigra is a plant of Brassicaceae family, which possesses numerous medicinal values. Human beings are suffering from various diseases Among these diseases, thromboembolic disorders such as pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, strokes and heart attacks are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries [6]. Thromboembolic disorders such as pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, strokes and heart attacks are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries [6] Various thrombolytic agents such as alteplase, streptokinase, urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) are widely used to dissolve clots [6]. Benzodiazepines are the mostly prescribed synthetic drugs for anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant actions [8] These drugs cause impairment in cognitive functions, physical dependence and harmful effects on respiratory, digestive and immune systems of the body [9]. The search of new anxiolytic and antidepressant agents with less adverse effects is still an area of great interest to the researchers [7]

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