Exploiting Nanoparticles for Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation: A Promising Paradigm in Neurotherapeutics

Abstract

Nano particles are widely used in the drug delivery systems to improve efficacy, bioavailability and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. They are typically ranging from the 1-100 nm in size and emerged as versatile tools in the field of drug delivery, revolutionizing the way therapeutic agents are transported and released within the human body. Role played by nanoparticles in crossing physiological barriers and enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic decisions. Nanoparticles exhibit unique physicochemical properties that enable them to navigate the intricate biological milieu and optimize drug delivery. The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB’s) intricate structure and its pivotal role in maintaining neural homeostasis Endothelial cells, tight junctions, and efflux transporters make up the majority of this specific barrier, which has historically made it difficult to deliver medications and therapeutic agents to the brain. These problems can only be solved by using nanoparticles’ unique physical and biological characteristics, which also provide a wide variety of nanocarriers and methods for improving BBB permeability. Nanoparticles use a variety of techniques to improve their interactions with the BBB, such as size optimization, surface charge alteration, and active targeting ligands the interplay of these mechanisms serves to overcome the physical and biochemical restrictions, allowing for controlled and targeted drug delivery to specific brain regions.