Abstract
The agroindustry generates a large amount of waste. In postharvest, food losses can reach up to 50%. This waste represents a source of contamination of soil, air, and bodies of water. This represents a problem for the environment as well as for public health. However, this waste is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, terpenes, and β-glucans, among others. Several biological activities have been attributed to these compounds; for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gut microbiota, and immune system modulators. These properties have been associated with improvements in health. Recently, the approach of using these bioactive compounds as food additives for aquaculture have been addressed, where it is sought that organisms, in addition to growing, preserve their health and become disease resistant. The exploitation of agro-industrial waste as a source of bioactive compounds for aquaculture has a triple objective—to provide added value to production chains, reduce pollution, and improve the well-being of organisms through nutrition. However, to make use of the waste, it is necessary to revalue them, mainly by determining their biological effects in aquaculture organisms. The composition of bioactive compounds of agro-industrial wastes, their biological properties, and their application in aquaculture will be addressed here.
Highlights
Population growth and urbanization have increased the demand for processed foods
The antioxidant activity can be exerted by directly donating electrons to free radicals to stabilize them or regulating the activity of transcription factors, such as the nuclear factor enhancing the kappa light chains of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the nuclear factor derived from erythroid 2 (Nrf2)
The gene expression and activity of antioxidants enzymes (SOD, CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) and the levels of lipid peroxidation mediators—namely, malonaldehyde (MDA) are used as markers to determine if a food additive can exert a stimulating action on the antioxidant system and reduce oxidative stress in the organisms [64,65]
Summary
Population growth and urbanization have increased the demand for processed foods. This has led to the development of food industries to meet the needs of consumers. Agricultural industries generate a large amount of waste during the collection, storage, transport, and processing of raw materials [1]. This represents an environmental pollution problem due to the waste being mainly made up of organic matter. The agricultural industry, in collaboration with the scientific community, has directed efforts toward the design of appropriate methods for the extraction and purification of bioactive compounds from waste for the development of functional food. It is currently known that the cost of technologies for the purification of bioactive compounds exceed reprocessing costs, so the full use of waste with functional properties as additives could lead the food industry to reduce residues and increase its profitability [5]. These residues require appropriate characterization, since some studies report that the use of phytochemicals might exert anti-nutritional effects [6,7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
