Experiments on respect of possession and property in hamadryas baboons ( Papio hamadryas)

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The question of how useful concepts of possession and property are in analysing the relationship between baboons and objects was evaluated in five experimental situations. The results of laboratory experiments concerning the possession of a food container and experiments on possession of fruits confirmed the inhibition of the dominant partner to take food away from a lower-ranking companion. This inhibition always appeared in male-male dyads, while in male-female and female-female dyads, the extent of respect depended on the difference in dominance rank and the type of food. However, in a dominance test, where food pieces were thrown between both partners, the dominant did not allow the subordinate to take a single piece. Given the choice, males preferred neutral food-cans over cans previously used by their partner. In experiments in a field enclosure, whole one-male units preferred their own feeding place over that of another unit. The outcome of the two experiments concerning choice does not support the alternative explanation involving ‘familiar’ versus ‘new’, but does support the property hypothesis.