EXPERIMENTALL SUBSTANTIATION FOR APPLYING ACTOVEGIN IN COMBINATION WITH OSTEOPLASTIC MATERIALS IN MANDIBULAR BONE TISSUE REGENERATION

Abstract

The aim of the study is to perform a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of applying various osteoplastic materials in combination with Actovegin in stimulating bone tissue regeneration. Materials and methods. In order to study the osteoplastic properties and determine the peculiarities of the course of reparative processes, as well as to substantiate the treatment method we elaborated, in vivo experimental studies were carried out on 36 male rabbits weighing from 1.5 to 2.5 kg at the Scientific Research Centre of the Azerbaijan Medical University. The animals were kept in a vivarium under standard conditions on the standard diet and were under the study for 60 days since the inclusion in the experimental model. Having been included into the study, the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 12 rabbits in each: in the animals of Group I, the main group, individual bone defects were formed on both sides of the lower jaw; the subgroup A included animals, whose artificially formed defects on one side of the jaw were closed with an allograft and platelet-rich fibrin exudate (PRF), subgroup B included animals with the same modelled damage, who received the treatment mentioned above and additional Actovegin; Group II was a comparison group, received a mixture of autogenous bone, PRF and Actovegin injected into jaw defects; Group III was the control group, which received PRF and Actovegin injected intravenously in a dose of 1 mg daily for 2 weeks. Results. Neutrophilic infiltration was found at the maximum level (1.33±1.07) in the area of the mandibular bone defect in subgroup A of I group, where only the allograft was used without additional Actovegin. In group III, who received the combination with PRF and intravenous administration of Actovegin, the average rate of lymphocytic infiltration by the end of the experiment was 1.75±0.75 that correlates with the severity of the degree of bone defect closure. Vascularization or blood supply to pre-damaged bone tissue, in particular to the residual area of the bone defect, was detected at the lowest level in the group of animals, who did not receive Actovegin during the implantation of osteotropic material into the defect site (1.25±0.45). Vascularization, which impacts the bone tissue regeneration, was the most intensive when applying Actovegin (1.91±0.66). In the samples obtained in group II and subgroup B, more capillaries and, accordingly, a high density of the capillary network (p<0.01) were detected in the area of the bone defect more often than in other groups of animals. Conclusion. Inflammatory changes (neutrophilic, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration) in the residual zone, which is part of the bone defect, were less pronounced in the group of topical application of autologous bone and Actovegin. At the same time, it was noted that the amount of eosinophilic infiltration and granulomatous reactions were more intense when using an allograft.