Abstract
Expanding ring experiment is an important method for dynamic fragmentation of solid under 1D tensile loading. Based on the split Hokinson pressure bar (SHPB), a liquid-driving experimental technology was developed for conducting expanding ring tests. The loading fixture includes a hydraulic cylinder filled with water, which is pushed by a piston connected to the input bar. As the water is driven, it expands the metallic ring specimen in the radial direction. The approximately incompressible property of the water makes it possible to drive the specimen in very high radial velocity by low velocity movement of piston, according to the large sectional area ratio of the cylinder to specimen. Using liquid-driving expanding ring device, 1060 aluminum rings (ductile materials)/PMMA rings (brittle materials) were fragmented and the fragments were recovered. Impact deformation of free-flying fragments was avoided through the use of “sample soft-capture” technology. The fragmentation process was observable by high speed camera through modifying the driving direction of the water. From the observations of the fracture morphology and the residual internal cracks of the recovered fragments, it is concluded that the fracture of the rings is caused by the circumferential tensile stress.
Highlights
The phenomena of dynamic fragmentation frequently occur during hypervelocity impacts
All the fracture modes of the fragments are the same type which is the typical mode of the free expansion and ductile fragmentation. It confirms that the impact loading experimental technology is feasible that the circumferential tensile stress controls the deformation fragmentation process
From the observations of the fracture morphology and the necking or residual internal cracks of the recovered fragments, it is concluded that the fracture of the rings is caused by the circumferential tensile stress
Summary
The phenomena of dynamic fragmentation frequently occur during hypervelocity impacts. The expanding ring experiments include electromagnetic loading and explosive loading. Explosives are applied to drive the expanding ring, which was pioneered by Johnson and his partners [1] in 1963. With this method, Hoggatt and Recht [2] obtained the dynamic uniaxial tensile stress-strain data for several ductile materials. Experimental investigation of tensile fracture and fragmentation was firstly reported by Niordson [3], who designed an electromagnetic loading scheme to drive the expanding ring arrangement. With the electromagnetic loading technique, Zhang and Ravi-Chandar [6, 7] reported the mechanics and physics of necking and fragmentation of ductile materials in a series of studies
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