Abstract
The Mongolian yurt is a circular dwelling with a wooden frame enclosed by a lightweight felt envelope. In this study, field experiments were conducted to understand the patterns of temperature changes of the yurt’s indoor thermal environment. The study found that the felt’s low thermal inertia affected the indoor temperature stability, resulting in a large difference between day and night temperatures inside the yurt. The felts adjusted the indoor humidity in the case of large outdoor humidity fluctuations, but when the outdoor humidity was very low, the indoor air was drier. Indoor temperatures were generally lower in the centre and higher in the surrounding peripheral areas, and the main influencing factors included felt seams, gaps between the door and Khana, the ground, and solar radiation. The main factor influencing the temperature of the felt wall’s inner surface was solar radiation. The effects on temperature and humidity when opening the component felt pieces were obvious: humidity adjustment was best with the top felt piece opened; indoor temperature adjustment was best with the gaps between the floor and felt wall pieces closed; and the door curtain was most effective for insulation when the outdoor temperature was low.
Highlights
The most typical dwelling of the nomadic tribes on the Mongolian plateau, the Mongolian yurt, appeared in the 15th century BC
The indoor temperature peak was usually approximately three hours later than the outdoor one, while during the rainy days, the delay was usually fewer than two hours
In order to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of the indoor thermal environment of the yurt, a traditional Mongolian yurt was selected for a one-year experiment
Summary
The most typical dwelling of the nomadic tribes on the Mongolian plateau, the Mongolian yurt, appeared in the 15th century BC. Many herdsmen still choose to live in yurts. In addition to its function as a residence, the yurt has become a symbol of Mongolian culture [1]. The Mongolian yurt was created to meet the needs of nomadic tribes who roamed the Mongolian steppe in search of pastures for their animals. As the Mongolian plateau has a harsh climate with cold winters, windy springs and autumns (transitional season), and dry summers, the architectural form, building materials, and construction methods of the yurt reflect the climate adaptability characteristics of this dwelling type. The process of construction, use, and ability to be fully dismantled complies with the ecological laws of the grassland and the production modes and lifestyles of the grassland’s inhabitants [2]
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