Abstract
The terminal voltage, coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency of a zinc-nickel single-flow battery (ZNB) during charging/discharging were studied. The effect of the charge/discharge current on these parameters and the effect of the ambient temperature on the battery performance were investigated. The experimental results show that increasing the charge/discharge current reduces the charge/discharge time, self-discharge, and occurrence of side reactions, thus increasing the coulombic efficiency of the battery; however, this also reduces the voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of the battery. With the temperature decreasing from 30 °C to −15 °C, the charge/discharge capacity and energy and the energy efficiency of ZNB decrease, while the coulombic efficiency gradually increases with decreasing temperature below 0 °C.
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