Abstract
Camellia seed shell (CSS) was torrefied at 200, 230, 260, and 290 °C for 30 minutes in a tubular reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of temperature on the fuel quality and combustion characteristics of the torrefaction samples was investigated. The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of the raw materials at different heating rates were studied. Compared to the raw material, the roasted samples had an increase in the higher heating value (HHV) range of 0.33 to 4.18 MJ/kg, which reached 24.21 MJ/kg at 290 °C. The mass and energy yield ranged from 93.8% to 65.2%. The decrease in energy yield was much higher than the increase in HHV. The enhancement factor and energy yield correlated well (R2> 0.99). The combustion behavior and kinetics of the torrefaction samples were studied in detail using the First Order Pseudo Bi-component Separate-stage Model (PBSM-O1). From an economic point of view, the best torrefaction temperature for CSS was 260 °C.
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